Insurance is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent, uncertain loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for payment. An insurer is a company selling the insurance; the insured, or policyholder, is the person or entity buying the insurance policy. The amount to be charged for a certain amount of insurance coverage is called the premium. Risk management, the practice of appraising and controlling risk, has evolved as a discrete field of study and practice.

The transaction involves the insured assuming a guaranteed and known relatively small loss in the form of payment to the insurer in exchange for the insurer’s promise to compensate (indemnify) the insured in the case of a financial (personal) loss. The insured receives a contract, called the insurance policy, which details the conditions and circumstances under which the insured will be financially compensated.

Insurability

1- Large number of similar exposure units: Since insurance operates through pooling resources, the majority of insurance policies are provided for individual members of large classes, allowing insurers to benefit from the law of large numbers in which predicted losses are similar to the actual losses. Exceptions include Lloyd’s of London, which is famous for insuring the life or health of actors, sports figures and other famous individuals. However, all exposures will have particular differences, which may lead to different premium rates.

2- Definite loss: The loss takes place at a known time, in a known place, and from a known cause. The classic example is death of an insured person on a life insurance policy. Fire, automobile accidents, and worker injuries may all easily meet this criterion. Other types of losses may only be definite in theory. Occupational disease, for instance, may involve prolonged exposure to injurious conditions where no specific time, place or cause is identifiable. Ideally, the time, place and cause of a loss should be clear enough that a reasonable person, with sufficient information, could objectively verify all three elements.

3- Accidental loss: The event that constitutes the trigger of a claim should be fortuitous, or at least outside the control of the beneficiary of the insurance. The loss should be pure, in the sense that it results from an event for which there is only the opportunity for cost. Events that contain speculative elements, such as ordinary business risks or even purchasing a lottery ticket, are generally not considered insurable.

4- Large loss: The size of the loss must be meaningful from the perspective of the insured. Insurance premiums need to cover both the expected cost of losses, plus the cost of issuing and administering the policy, adjusting losses, and supplying the capital needed to reasonably assure that the insurer will be able to pay claims. For small losses these latter costs may be several times the size of the expected cost of losses. There is hardly any point in paying such costs unless the protection offered has real value to a buyer.

5- Affordable premium: If the likelihood of an insured event is so high, or the cost of the event so large, that the resulting premium is large relative to the amount of protection offered, it is not likely that the insurance will be purchased, even if on offer. Further, as the accounting profession formally recognizes in financial accounting standards, the premium cannot be so large that there is not a reasonable chance of a significant loss to the insurer. If there is no such chance of loss, the transaction may have the form of insurance, but not the substance. (See the US Financial Accounting Standards Board standard number 113)

6- Calculable loss: There are two elements that must be at least estimable, if not formally calculable: the probability of loss, and the attendant cost. Probability of loss is generally an empirical exercise, while cost has more to do with the ability of a reasonable person in possession of a copy of the insurance policy and a proof of loss associated with a claim presented under that policy to make a reasonably definite and objective evaluation of the amount of the loss recoverable as a result of the claim.

7- Limited risk of catastrophically large losses: Insurable losses are ideally independent and non-catastrophic, meaning that the losses do not happen all at once and individual losses are not severe enough to bankrupt the insurer; insurers may prefer to limit their exposure to a loss from a single event to some small portion of their capital base. Capital constrains insurers’ ability to sell earthquake insurance as well as wind insurance in hurricane zones. In the US, flood risk is insured by the federal government. In commercial fire insurance it is possible to find single properties whose total exposed value is well in excess of any individual insurer’s capital constraint. Such properties are generally shared among several insurers, or are insured by a single insurer who syndicates the risk into the reinsurance market.

Types of insurance

Any risk that can be quantified can potentially be insured. Specific kinds of risk that may give rise to claims are known as perils. An insurance policy will set out in detail which perils are covered by the policy and which are not. Below are non-exhaustive lists of the many different types of insurance that exist. A single policy may cover risks in one or more of the categories set out below. For example, vehicle insurance would typically cover both the property risk (theft or damage to the vehicle) and the liability risk (legal claims arising from an accident). A home insurance policy in the US typically includes coverage for damage to the home and the owner’s belongings, certain legal claims against the owner, and even a small amount of coverage for medical expenses of guests who are injured on the owner’s property.

Business insurance can take a number of different forms, such as the various kinds of professional liability insurance, also called professional indemnity (PI), which are discussed below under that name; and the business owner’s policy (BOP), which packages into one policy many of the kinds of coverage that a business owner needs, in a way analogous to how homeowners’ insurance packages the coverages that a homeowner needs

Source: Wikipedia

Malignant mesothelioma is a rare type of cancer that occurs in the thin layer of cells lining the body’s internal organs, known as the mesothelium. There are three recognized types of mesothelioma. Pleural mesothelioma is the most common form of the disease, accounting for roughly 70% of cases, and occurs in the lining of the lung known as the pleura. Peritoneal mesothelioma occurs in the lining of the abdominal cavity, known as the peritoneum and pericardial mesothelioma originates in the pericardium, which lines the heart.

An individual may be at risk to develop mesothelioma if he or she was exposed to asbestos in the workplace or at home. Mesothelioma is caused by exposure to asbestos and the inhalation of asbestos particles. In most cases, mesothelioma symptoms will not appear in an individual exposed to asbestos until many years after the exposure has occurred. Those with a past asbestos exposure history experiencing symptoms should consult a physician with experience in accurately diagnosing mesothelioma. The earlier mesothelioma is diagnosed, the more likely it is to be caught at an early stage. At earlier stages of mesothelioma progression, more treatment options are available and oftentimes a better prognosis is given. Additional mesothelioma information and statistics can be found in this section.
Mesothelioma Treatment

Mesothelioma Treatment Once an individual has been diagnosed by a qualified mesothelioma doctor, the next step is to discuss mesothelioma treatment options and to develop a treatment plan. Recent scientific research has produced significant breakthroughs with regard to treatment protocols for mesothelioma patients and more options are now available for managing mesothelioma and supporting improved quality of life. Newly diagnosed mesothelioma patients often have many questions for their doctors about the treatment options that would be most effective for them. Conventional treatment options for mesothelioma include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Recently, chemotherapy drugs including Alimta® and Cisplatin have showed promising results in some patients.

Mesothelioma clinical trials as well as experimental treatments are other options that certain mesothelioma patients may be eligible to participate in. Our site features a comprehensive mesothelioma cancer treatment section that includes important information for patients and families. We’ve included resources on top mesothelioma experts such as Dr. Sugarbaker, as well as a comprehensive list of cancer centers where mesothelioma treatment takes place. Beyond the conventional treatments for mesothelioma, certain alternative therapies may provide assistance to mesothelioma patients. We continually update this section of our site as new mesothelioma treatment information becomes available. Check back often to read about the most recent advances.
Asbestos Exposure and Cancer

Asbestos Exposure Asbestos exposure is the primary cause of mesothelioma cancer. Inhaled or ingested asbestos fibers may cause an inflammation of internal tissue and disrupt organ function which leads to the development of mesothelioma. Asbestos products were used extensively throughout the 20th century in a wide variety of applications. Asbestos companies continued to produce these products even after they were known to be hazardous and harmful to workers and their families. Many of these products were responsible for asbestos exposure sustained by both the individuals who manufactured the products as well as those who used them at commercial, industrial and military jobsites. Renovation and construction both at home and in schools and other public facilities also posed high risk areas for asbestos exposure.

Asbestos related cancer is common among military veterans who we exposed on naval ships, in shipyards and at military bases. Naval ships where exposure occurred include aircraft carriers, battleships, destroyers, submarines, warships and others. Some prominent shipyards where asbestos was prevalent include Brooklyn Navy Yard, Norfolk Navy Shipyard, Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Long Beach Naval Shipyard and Hunters Point Naval Shipyard. At commercial and industrial locations including refineries, power plants, steel mills, auto production facilities and large construction sites, many workers were put at risk. Some of the occupations of workers at risk include electricians, plumbers, boilermakers, carpenters, mechanics , machinists and more. Additionally, if you lived with someone who was regularly exposed to asbestos and washed their clothes, you could be at risk for second hand asbestos exposure.
Veterans and Mesothelioma

mesothelioma veteransAlthough rare, mesothelioma affects veterans from all branches of service: Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines. As mesothelioma has a long latency period and can remain dormant for several decades, veterans who served our country from 1930 through 1980 are just now being diagnosed with the disease.

Navy veterans who worked in navy shipyards and or served on our nation’s warships and submarine’s from WWII through the Vietnam War were exposed to high concentrations of deadly asbestos and are at a high risk for developing mesothelioma. Boiler rooms, engine rooms, sleeping quarters, and other areas of naval vessels were the most common areas where asbestos was present. As a result, Navy veterans are at a greater risk of developing mesothelioma. Medical support and treatment centers are available to veterans who have been diagnosed with mesothelioma. If you are a veteran and believe that you were exposed to asbestos, you should inform your physician during your next visit.
Mesothelioma Lawyers

Asbestos manufacturers and distributors made a concerted effort to hide the dangers of asbestos from the public, while at the same time profiting heavily from the sale and manufacture of harmful asbestos products. Those suffering from Mesothelioma can seek compensation from the manufacturers of asbestos and asbestos-containing products by hiring a competent mesothelioma lawyer. When deciding whether or not you should pursue your legal rights as a mesothelioma victim, you should think about the following three things. First, asbestos manufacturers had knowledge of the dangers of asbestos and knowingly put hardworking men and women at risk. Second, treatment for mesothelioma can be very expensive. Third, by exercising your legal rights, you can protect your loved ones in the future.

Once you make the decision to pursue your rights, a competent asbestos attorney will maximize recovery from both viable and bankrupt asbestos defendants. Over 65 asbestos trusts have been established holding billions of dollars combined across them. These asbestos trust funds have been set aside to help compensate those workers who have been diagnosed with mesothelioma cancer or other asbestos related diseases. The legal process to compensate mesothelioma victims is not overly burdensome and should be strongly considered to help offset treatment costs and to provide financial security for loved ones

Source: Mesothelioma Cancer

Way 1. Have a Great Idea

Way 2. Pick a Domain Name

Way 3. Choose a Web Host

Way 4. Register Your Domain

Way 5. Gather/Set Connection Details

Way 6. Set Up E-Mail Accounts

Way 7. Design for the Future

Way 8. Create Consistent Navigation

Way 9. Sample Site Statistics

Way 10. Optimize for Search

Way 11. Ensure SSL Is Applied

Way 12. Set up Payment Methods

Way 13. Choose Shopping Cart Software

Way 14. Populate the Store

Way 15. Photograph Your Products

Way 16. Consider Shooting Video

Way 17. Auctions Mean Bid-ness

Way 18. Fulfilling Fulfillment

Way 19. Think About Shipping

Way 20. Read Visitor Comments

Way 21. Search the Site

Way 22. Live Chat with Visitors

Way 23. Promise Privacy

Way 24. Prepare for Returns

Way 25. Market via E-Mail

Way 26. Blog Your Heart Out

Way 27. Syndicate Your Content

Way 28. Beta-Test the Site

Way 29. Send Out a Press Release

Way 30. Pay for Placement

Way 31. Survey Says

Steps

First: Earn an affiliate income

Although most would love to earn money this way, the reality is that most new internet marketers don’t have a clue as to how to make money with affiliate marketing. Most marketers and so called gurus will tell you that it’s simple and try to to sell you their product in an attempt to just make money. But really, affiliate marketing is about learning how to connect with your buyers on a more fundamental level, using unconventional strategies and techniques, mixed in with more conventional methods, such as Pay Per Click and Site Hosting.
There are a variety of different types of compensation plans that online programs use. With some you just get paid once for the sale. Others will pay you a recurring monthly income for making the sale. And other online programs will even pay you when the members you refer also refer other members. These are called multi-level compensation plans.
Make sure you get credit for the people that you refer otherwise it would be a wasted effort. This article is too short to go into static versus dynamic affiliate sites or cookie referral tracking systems. If the sponsor’s name shows on the affiliate site you may want to take note of it before you join then verify that he or she is your sponsor when you log in. If your sponsor received credit for you joining then you should too. A good sponsor should contact you after you have joined from their affiliate site offering help. If they don’t you may want to contact them.

Second: Sell information

There are many forms of information that you can sell on the internet, such as eBooks (digital books), digital reports, newsletters, or software. Virtually any product that is informative in nature can be sold on the internet as an information product. Here are some reasons why information products are a good choice to use to sell online:

    Information products are easy to create and quick to market. This type of method does not take years to develop, nor does it require intense design meetings, nor is it expensive to manufacture. You can create information products in as little as a couple of hours and not long after they are posted, they are generating a source of revenue. All you need to begin this venture is a great topic and a computer.
    Get a friend. As any experienced Internet affiliate marketer will tell you, having a friend who is experienced can be the best thing when you are starting out. They can help you avoid the worst mistakes and keep you out of debt. One way to get a friend like this is to join a forum, like Digital Point, which is full of Internet business people looking to help each other. Stay away from just buying ebooks, community programs like this one are sure to actually give you the help you need, and not leave you by the wayside with some scam program.
    You do not have to stock or count inventory. This frees up space in your home or garage because you do not have to buy any products to sell to others. The product that you are selling is digital and the only space that it will be taking up is on your computer.
    Startup costs are minimal because when you create an information product the only investment you are making is the time it takes you to create the product. In addition, if you choose to become an affiliate marketer for someone else who wants to place his or her information product on your web page your investment is nothing.
    Sales and delivery is automatic and is available 24 hours per day, seven days a week and you never have to close your doors. There are programs that allow you to completely automate everything from sales and deliveries to anything else that is needed to operate a successful information product business.
    It gives your customers immediate access or delivery of the product. For your customer there is no waiting for what they are looking for, especially if you have your business set up to automatically handle every aspect of the transaction.
    Save costs because shipping and handling are non-existent for this type of business venture. The only type of shipping that is required on your part is to click your mouse and send the customer the information that they are looking for.

Third: Earn money with Google Adsense

If you have a blog or a website with a good number of visitors, Google Adsense provides an easy way to monetize your traffic. Figure out an unique idea and you will get a lots of visitors. You can for example search the Internet with keywords website ideas.

Fourth: Join an Exclusive or “Closed” Affiliate Program

A closed affiliate program is one that only allows current customers to promote the product. You have to be a product of the product. The great thing about an exclusive affiliate program is that is maximizes retention of customers so that you can continue to compound your earnings and achieve an income that you can count on every month.

Now for the Blackberry 9700, iPhone 4 and Android Nexus S showdown! Here are the pros and cons of the the three devices as I see them and also how I use them.

The verdict: A Blackberry + an iPhone or Android = Still The Winner

Blackberry

Wins – Blackberry wins for typing and therefore messaging. Touchscreens are still too slow and sloppy. Emails, text messages and IMs can be fired off quickly and easily and this is the only device you can write long emails on. Blackberry Messenger is also still the benchmark for mobile messaging apps.

Loses – Apps. Total joke except for Google Maps and Twitter and Gchat. The screen is also too small for browsing the web so Blackberry is also the web browsing loser.

iPhone 4

Wins – Apps. The best apps are still coming out on the iPhone first although the Android marketplace is finally catching up. Most of the apps I use heavily on my iPhone (Yelp, TripIt, Foursquare, Google+, Facebook, Twitter etc..) are now available on Android. The iPhone is still the winner on media too especially integrating your music with the device and the cool Apps that let you leverage your music library.

Loses – As a phone and messaging tool I still don’t think it’s as good as a Blackberry and this relates to the other con which is battery. There is no way you can get through a day of full phone usage plus full app and web and email usage on an iPhone. You can make it a full day with the Blackberry but that’s because there aren’t enough apps to drain the battery that much.

Android

Wins – Google. If you use Google apps and products heavily like I do, the integration here is great. The Gchat app on Android is a curse and a blessing. The easy video chatting is great (even works over 4G) but the app constantly has to re-sign in each time it loses network connection for even a bit. The Blackberry Gchat app actually is way better for staying connected and not being told by people that you are constantly logging in and out.

Loses – Battery. If I try and use the Android as my only phone and eschew the Blackberry for phone and messaging, I run out of battery around 2:30pm. This renders the Android useless as a stand alone device and it’s the worst of the three in this regard.

The Bottom Line

If you’re a power user, there is still no one device that can get it all done for you. The Blackberry screen is too small and it doesn’t have enough great apps. The iPhone battery doesn’t last long enough for standalone usage and the mail, calendar etc integration is not as strong as Android’s. The Android hasn’t caught up to the Apple App Store and it’s the worst when it comes to battery time.

This is a general explanation of the Canadian Immigration Act and regulations. For exact definition and explanation of Canadian Immigration Act and regulations refer to legal books OR consult a Canadian lawyer.

A: TEMPORARY OR NON IMMIGRANT VISA:

1. VISITOR VISA.

Purpose:

The purpose of the visitor / tourist visa under the Canadian Immigration Act is to :

    allow the entry of an individual who wishes to visit Canada for the purpose of doing trade with Canadian companies, for tourism and allow other foreigners to foster scientific and international understanding.

    at the same time controlling entry of those who wish to involve in criminal activities in Canada or who are likely to put in danger the health and safety of the Canadian society.

Who is a visitor:

A definition of visitor is given under Sec. 2 (1) of The Immigration Act (Act) as a person who is lawfully in Canada as a visitor or who wishes to come into Canada

for temporary purpose and who is not:

    a holder of minister’s permit;

    a Canadian permanent resident and citizen;

    an immigrant who is admitted into Canada as his/her examination cannot be concluded at the port of entry by the officer.

What is a visitor visa:

A visitor visa is a document or stamp on the passport (in most cases) which allows entry of a person in Canada as that person meets the requirements of the Act for the purpose of visiting Canada.

This visa is issued by a visa officer at the Canadian post abroad.

HOWEVER THERE ARE RESIDENTS AND CITIZENS OF CERTAIN COUNTRIES WHO DO NOT REQUIRE A VISITOR VISA OR IT MAY BE ISSUED AT THE PORT OF ENTRY IN CANADA.

    Students Authorization ( student visa).

There are more than 85 universities in Canada which provide high level of education to students coming from around the world. Canada has some of the finest private English schools from grade 1-12 for local as well as international students. The Canadian government spends 9.5 % of their GDP in the education system. Many Canadian education institutions are funded by the government and therefore they have some of the best facilities.

Basic process for obtaining student authorization is as follows:

    Foreign students must apply to a Canadian education institute and obtain admission in such an institute. This institute must be certified by the immigration authority for the issuance of the student authorization / visa. This is generally mentioned in the prospectus of the school. If is not mentioned students must ask the institute directly whether admission in that particular institute will qualify him / her for student authorization.

    Once the admission is secured, the student is required to make application to the Canadian immigration office for student authorization and visa.

    The student can make this application while in Canada or outside of Canada.

There are also many student exchange programs, student working visa programs and such other programs for students of certain countries.

Our kit will also include, apart from our regular forms and instructions, a list of Canadian educational institutions and a list of special student exchange and student working visa programs.

    Applying for Employment authorization: ( Work permit ).

Any person who is not a Canadian citizen or permanent resident of Canada needs employment authorization ( work permit) to work in Canada.

Basic process for obtaining employment authorization:

    The applicant must have a job offer from a Canadian employer who is ready to sponsor him / her.

    The employer must apply to the Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC) for job validation ( labor certification ) . However there are certain cases where labor certification is not necessary such as hiring software programmers and their spouses, corporate executives, etc.

    Once the labor certification is obtained , the applicant may make an application to a Canadian immigration office for obtaining employment authorization.

    This application may be made while the applicant is in Canada or from outside Canada.

AS PER THE LATEST REGULATION ( OCT. 1998) SPOUSES OF EXECUTIVES , PROFESSIONALS AND SOFTWARE PROGRAMMERS ON WORK PERMIT VISAS ARE ELIGIBLE TO WORK IN CANADA. SUCH SPOUSES NEED TO HAVE A JOB OFFER AND NO JOB VALIDATION IS NECESSARY

If you have come to Canada ON :-

    VISITOR VISA;

    STUDENT AUTHORIZATION;

    EMPLOYMENT AUTHORIZATION;

you may apply for extension of your visa while you are WITHIN Canada.

OR

an individual may apply for any of the following types of visas and change his/her visa status. This may lead the way to obtaining permanent immigration of Canada.

    APPLYING FOR IMMIGRANT VISA OF CANADA AS A CONVENTIONAL REFUGEE (Political asylum).

One can seek and make an application for political asylum in Canada, if that person has well founded fear that he /she will be prosecuted because of his / her religion, race, nationality, membership of a particular social group and political opinion and such a person cannot go back to his home country or cannot get protection from this country.

    Applying for work permit visa as a Live-in-Caregiver (Nanny or Domestic help or Au pair).

This program has been introduced to meet the of shortage of domestic help in Canada.

Basic process for obtaining employment authorization ( work permit) in this program is as follows;

    The applicant must obtain a job offer from a prospective employer in Canada;

    Once the job offer is made, the employer must make an application in Canada for approval of the sponsorship;

    After the sponsorship is approved, the applicant must apply for employment authorization to the Canadian immigration office.

    This application can be made while in Canada and also when the applicant is out of Canada.

    Work permit is issued for a period of two years and after that time period the applicant can make an application for permanent immigration to Canada.

3. APPLYING FOR IMMIGRANT VISA OF CANADA AS A SPOUSE.

A person may apply under this class if he/she gets married in Canada while on a temporary visa in Canada.

Under this class the individual may have come on a visitor visa and while in Canada may have found a loved one with whom he/she wishes to get married.

    APPLYING FOR IMMIGRANT VISA OF CANADA UNDER THE HUMANITARIAN AND COMPASSIONATE REASONS.

Under this class application is made on the basis that if visa is not issued, the applicant will suffer undue hardships.

B: PERMANENT IMMIGRATION TO CANADA:

Under this class one can make an application for PERMANENT IMMIGRATION TO CANADA under the following three categories when he/she is OUTSIDE of Canada.

    Applying for immigrant visa of Canada under the independent class.

Canada is a country of immigrants and the government has identified that liberalized immigration process for skilled workers and professionals is essential for the economic and cultural development of Canada.

To serve this objective and facilitate the entry of skilled workers and professionals into Canada, Human Resources Development Canada ( Labor Department of Canada ) has produced a list of occupations known as National Occupation Classification (NOC).

Based on this list, Immigration Department of Canada has formulated immigration regulations for issuing immigrant visa to skilled workers and professionals and their families.

Before one makes an application under this class the applicant must make sure that your occupation / profession is on this NOC list with skill St of O, A and B.

Application under this class is decided on the basis of points system on the following criteria.

    Education = 25 points

    Work Experience = 21 points

    Age = 10 points

    Arrange Employment = 10 points

    Knowledge of English and/or French language= 16+8 points

    Close relative in Canada, job offer from Canada, Canadian Education for 2 years at graduate/master level, One year full time Canadian legal experience OR spouse’s education = 10 points (5 points for each factor)

    APPLYING FOR IMMIGRANT VISA OF CANADA UNDER THE ENTREPRENEUR CLASS AND SELF-EMPLOYED CLASS .

This class is also known as business immigration class. The applicant should make an application under the entrepreneur class and self employed class if he/she wishes to start a business in Canada.

The entrepreneur class is defined as follows:

Any individual who has -

    Required net assets to start a business in Canada,

    Has one year managerial experience to run and manage the business,

    Has viable business plan to open up a business in Canada and will hire more than one Canadian in that business.

As a general rule, if the applicant has some business outside of Canada and has 300,000 CD$ to start a business and settle in Canada, he/she is likely to qualify for this program. However, every thing must be well documented.

For the self employed class, the requirements are same as the entrepreneur class but the applicant is not required to employ any person in the business. This type of visa is issued to people who will start a business venture in the area of arts , music and culture or farming.

You should make AN application under THE investor class if you DO NOT wish to start a business in CANADA.

The investor class is also known as business immigration class and is defined as:

Any individual who has -

    Successfully operated and controlled a business outside Canada,

    Made a minimum investment of 400,000 CD$ or 800,000 CD$ in a government approved program for a period of five years,

    Accumulated the above mentioned net worth by his/her own business endeavors.

UNDER THIS PROGRAM THERE ARE MANY CANADIAN GOVERNMENT APPROVED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS WHICH ARE LICENCED TO MANAGE SUCH PROGRAMS. THESE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS PROVIDE A MONETARY LOAN IF THE INVESTOR DOES NOT WISH TO MAKE A FULL INVESTMENT OF 400,000 CD$ ( This is the most preferred program).
WE CAN HELP THE INVESTOR TO GET A LOAN UPTO 280,000 CD$. THE INVESTOR WILL BE REQUIRED TO INVEST ONLY 120,000 CD$. HOWEVER, AT THE END OF 5 YEARS THE INVESTOR WILL NOT RECEIVE BACK HIS /HER 120,000 CD$. IN OTHER WORDS, THE INVESTOR CAN BUY CANADAIAN PERMANENT RESIDENT VISA FOR 120,000 CD$ .

    APPYING FOR IMMIGRANT VISA OF CANADA UNDER THE FAMILY CLASS OR SPONSORSHIP BY A CANADIAN CITIZEN OR PERMANENT RESIDENT

A Canadian citizen or permanent resident may make an application to sponsor their relatives under one of the following classes-

    Family class relatives;

    Private sponsorship of refugees;

If a person has close relatives in Canada and wishes to immigrate to Canada, he/she may apply under this class for family sponsorship. In other words, if an individual is a Canadian citizen or permanent resident of Canada he/she can sponsor some of his/her close relatives to obtain Canadian immigration.

One can sponsor the following relatives only under the family class.

    one’s spouse;

    one’s spouse’s dependent children;

    one’s mother & father;

    one’s grandparents;

    one’s brother , sister, nephew, niece, grandson & granddaughter who is an orphan;

    one’s fiance(e);

    one’s child who has been adopted;

If an individual does not have any of the above mentioned relatives, then he/she can sponsor one another relative.

All other relatives and relations who do not satisfy the family class requirement need to apply under other class(es).

Brief process in applying under the family class is as follows-

    A Canadian citizen or permanent resident may apply within Canada to sponsor his/ her relative.

    Once the sponsorship is approved, the immigration office in Canada will inform the Canadian High Commission office of the country in which the relative is staying.

    Canadian High Commission will ask the relative to provide all the necessary documents and may call for him/her for an interview;

    After medical and security clearance, the relative will get PR of Canada.

C : APPLICATION BY A PERMANENT RESIDENT OF CANADA FOR :

    Returning Resident Permit : A person may make this application if he/she is a permanent resident of Canada and wishes to or has to stay out of Canada for more than six months.

    Application to change the Immigration record of landing or IMM 1000 form: An individual may make this application if he/she finds that there is a clerical error in the record of landing / permanent immigration visa or some other data has been changed .

D: CANADIAN CITIZENSHIP:

    As a general principle one may apply for Canadian citizenship provided one is a permanent resident of Canada for more than three years.

    Applying to find proof of citizenship, also called Citizenship Certificate. This maybe undertaken while the person is in Canada or outside of Canada .

    Applying for search for citizenship record.